Structures of Justification: Part I. Infinitism and Coherentism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14394/filnau.2018.0004Keywords:
structure of justification, regress problem, regress arguments, infinitism, coherentismAbstract
This paper is the first part of a series of articles about the structure of justification. I outline the so-called infinite regress problem and focus on three corresponding positions: skepticism (concerning justification), infinitism, and coherentism. Skepticism found its expression in Agrippa’s trilemma. Infinitism has been developed by Peter Klein and Scott Aikin. Coherentism is (primarily) discussed in its holistic version. I present different concepts of coherence and coherent justification, point out the main objections to coherentism and some ways to rebut them. General considerations concerning coherentism are illustrated by solutions included in the theories of Laurence BonJour and Thomas Bartelborth.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-004-7803-4
Aikin S. F. (2008), Meta-epistemology and the Varietes of Epistemic Infinitism, "Synthese" 163(2), 175-185.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-007-9196-3
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Albert H. (1991), Traktat über kritische Vernunft, Tübingen: Mohr.
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Arystoteles (2013), Analityki wtóre, tłum. K. Leśniak [w:] Kategorie. Analityki pierwsze. Analityki wtóre, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 211-285.
Audi R. (2003), Epistemology. A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge, London–New York: Routledge.
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Bergmann M. (2004), What's NOT Wrong with Foundationalism, "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research" 68(1), 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2004.tb00331.x
Bergmann M. (2007), Is Klein an Infinitist about Doxastic Justification?, "Philosophical Studies" 134(1), 19-24.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9016-5
Bernecker S., Pritchard D. (eds.) (2010), The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, London–New York: Routledge.
Blanchard B. (1939), The Nature of Thought, London: Allen and Unwin.
BonJour L. (1985), The Structure of Empirical Knowledge, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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BonJour L. (1999), Foundationalism and the External World, "Philosophical Perspectives" 33(13), 229-249.
Bradley F. (1914), Essays on Truth and Reality, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ciecierski T. (2013), Nastawienia sądzeniowe, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Dancy J. (1985), An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Davidson D. (1983), A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge [w:] Kant oder Hegel, D. Henrich (ed.), Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 423-438.
Diogenes Laertios (1984), Żywoty i poglądy słynnych filozofów, tłum. I. Krońska, K. Leśniak, W. Olszewski, B. Kupis, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
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Fogelin R. (1994), Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification, Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195089871.001.0001
Greco J., Sosa E. (eds.) (1999), The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Glass D. H. (2002), Coherence, Explanation and Bayesian Networks [w:] Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, M. O'Neill, R. F. E. Sutcliffe, C. Ryan, M. Eaton (eds.), Berlin: Springer, 177-182.
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Howard-Snyder D. (2005), Foundationalism and Arbitrariness, "Pacific Philosophical Quarterly" 86(1), 18-24.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.2005.00212.x
Huemer M. (1997), Probability and Coherence Justification, "Southern Journal of Philosophy" 35(4), 463-472.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1997.tb00848.x
Klein P. (1998), Foundationalism and the Infinite Regress of Reasons, "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research" 58(4), 919-925. https://doi.org/10.2307/2653735
Klein P. (2003), When Infinite Regresses Are Not Vicious?, "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research" 66(3), 718-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2003.tb00286.x
Klein P. (2005), Infinitism Is the Solution to the Regress Problem [w:] Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, M. Steup, E. Sosa (eds.), Malden, MA: Blackwell, 131-155.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9012-9
Klein P. (2007b), How to Be an Infinitist about Doxastic Justification, "Philosophical Studies" 134(1), 25-29.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9017-4
Klein P. (2009), Human Knowledge and the Infinite Regress of Reasons [w:] Arguing about Knowledge, R. Neta, D. Pritchard (eds.), London–New York: Routledge, 249-272; pierwodruk: "Philosophical Perspectives" 13 (1999), 297-325.
Klein P. (2011), Infinitism [w:] The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, S. Bernecker, D. Pritchard (eds.), London—New York: Routledge, 245-256.
Krokiewicz A. (1966), Sceptycyzm grecki. Od Filona do Sekstusa, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
Kvanvig J. (2011), Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification [w:] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 edition), ed. E.N. Zalta, https://goo.gl/wY4TVk. [wersja archiwalna; obecnie hasło o tym tytule ma innego autora]
Lehrer K. (1974), Knowledge, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lehrer K. (1989a), Coherence and the Truth Connection. A Reply to My Critics [w:] The Current State of the Coherence Theory, J. W. Bender (ed.), Dordrecht: Kluwer, 253-275.
Lehrer K. (1989b), Knowledge Reconsidered [w:] Knowledge and Scepticism, M. Clay, K. Lehrer (eds.), Boulder, CO: Westview, 131-159.
Lehrer K. (1990), Theory of Knowledge, Boulder, CO: Westview.
Lehrer K. (1997), Justification, Coherence, and Knowledge, "Erkenntnis" 50(2/3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005586207846
Lewis C. I. (1946), An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation, LaSalle, IL: Open Court.
Littlejohn C. (2012), Justification and the Truth Connection, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139060097
Moser P. K. (ed.) (2002), The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology, Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195130057.001.0001
Neta R., Pritchard D. (eds.) (2009), Arguing about Knowledge, London–New York: Routledge.
Neurath O. (1932-1933), Protokollsätze, "Erkenntnis" 3(1), 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01886420
Nowakowski A. (2011), Uzasadnienie epistemiczne, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Oakley I. T. (1976), An Argument for Scepticism Concerning Justified Belief, "American Philosophical Quaterly" 13(3), 221-228.
Olsson E. J. (2002), What Is the Problem of Coherence and Truth, "The Journal of Philosophy" 99(5), 246-272. https://doi.org/10.2307/3655648
Olsson E. J. (2011), Coherentism [w:] The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, S. Bernecker, D. Pritchard (eds.), London—New York: Routledge, 257-267.
Peirce C. S. (1931-1935), The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss (eds.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Platon (1999), Parmenides. Teajtet, tłum. W. Witwicki, Kęty: Antyk.
Pollock J. (1986), Contemporary Theories of Knowledge, Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.
Post J. (1980), Infinite Regress of Justification and of Explanation, "Philosophical Studies" 38(1), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00354524
Posłajko K. (2016), Irrealizm a nastawienia sądzeniowe, "Filozofia Nauki" 24(2) [94], 133-144.
Quine W. V. O. (2000), Dwa dogmaty empiryzmu [w:] Z punktu widzenia logiki, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 49-75.
Rescher N. (1973), The Coherence Theory of Truth, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rescher N. (1974), Foundationalism, Coherentism and the Idea of Cognitive Systematization, "Journal of Philosophy" 71(19), 695-708. https://doi.org/10.2307/2025044
Sextus Empiryk (1998), Zarysy Pirrońskie, tłum. A. Krokiewicz, Warszawa: Akme.
Shogenji T. (1999), Is Coherence Truth-Conducive?, "Analysis" 59(4), 338-345. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/59.4.338
Sosa E. (2009), The Raft and the Pyramid. Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge [w:] Arguing about Knowledge, R. Neta, D. Pritchard (eds), Routledge, London–New York 2009, 273-292; pierwodruk: "Midwest Studies in Philosophy"" 5, 3-26.
Steup M., Sosa E. (eds.) (2005), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Thagard P. (1989), Explanatory Coherence, "Behavioral and Brain Sciences" 12(3), 435-502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00057046 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00057319
Thagard P. (1992), Conceptual Revolutions, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Thagard P. (2000), Coherence in Thought and Action, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Tomberlin J. (1980), [recenzja:] Carl Ginet, Knowledge, Perception, and Memory, "Noûs" 14(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214864
Unger P. (1975), Ignorance. A Case for Skepticism, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Williams M. (1996), Unnatural Doubts. Epistemological Realism and the Basis of Scepticism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Williams M. (2001), Problems of Knowledge. A Critical Introduction to Epistemology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wittgenstein L. (1969), Über Gewißheit. On Certainty, Oxford: Blackwell.
Woleński J. (2007), Epistemologia. Poznanie, prawda, wiedza, realizm, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Ziemińska R. (2013), Historia sceptycyzmu, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK.
Ziobrowski J. (2015), Struktury uzasadniania przekonań moralnych [w:] Etyka o współczesności. Współczesność w etyce, D. Sepczyńska, M. Jawor, A. Stoiński (red.), Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo UWM, 15-29.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-004-7803-4
Aikin S. F. (2008), Meta-epistemology and the Varietes of Epistemic Infinitism, "Synthese" 163(2), 175-185.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-007-9196-3
Aikin S. F. (2011), Epistemology and the Regress Problem, London–New York: Routledge.
Albert H. (1991), Traktat über kritische Vernunft, Tübingen: Mohr.
Alcoff L. M. (ed.) (1998), Epistemology. The Big Questions, Oxford: Blackwell.
Arystoteles (2013), Analityki wtóre, tłum. K. Leśniak [w:] Kategorie. Analityki pierwsze. Analityki wtóre, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 211-285.
Audi R. (2003), Epistemology. A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge, London–New York: Routledge.
Bartelborth T. (1996), Begründungsstrategien. Ein Weg durch die analytische Erkenntnistheorie, Berlin: Akademie.
Bartelborth T. (2007), Erklären, Berlin: de Gruyter.
Bergmann M. (2004), What's NOT Wrong with Foundationalism, "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research" 68(1), 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2004.tb00331.x
Bergmann M. (2007), Is Klein an Infinitist about Doxastic Justification?, "Philosophical Studies" 134(1), 19-24.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9016-5
Bernecker S., Pritchard D. (eds.) (2010), The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, London–New York: Routledge.
Blanchard B. (1939), The Nature of Thought, London: Allen and Unwin.
BonJour L. (1985), The Structure of Empirical Knowledge, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
BonJour L. (1989), Replies and Clarifications [w:] J. Bender (ed.), The Current State of the Coherence Theory, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 276-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2360-7_24
BonJour L. (1999), Foundationalism and the External World, "Philosophical Perspectives" 33(13), 229-249.
Bradley F. (1914), Essays on Truth and Reality, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ciecierski T. (2013), Nastawienia sądzeniowe, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Dancy J. (1985), An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Davidson D. (1983), A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge [w:] Kant oder Hegel, D. Henrich (ed.), Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 423-438.
Diogenes Laertios (1984), Żywoty i poglądy słynnych filozofów, tłum. I. Krońska, K. Leśniak, W. Olszewski, B. Kupis, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Fantl J. (2003), Modest Infinitism, "Canadian Journal of Philosophy" 33(4), 537-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2003.10716554
Fogelin R. (1994), Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification, Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195089871.001.0001
Greco J., Sosa E. (eds.) (1999), The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Glass D. H. (2002), Coherence, Explanation and Bayesian Networks [w:] Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, M. O'Neill, R. F. E. Sutcliffe, C. Ryan, M. Eaton (eds.), Berlin: Springer, 177-182.
Grobler A. (2008), Metodologia nauk, Kraków: Aureus — Znak.
Grundmann T. (2001), Das erkenntnistheoretische Regreßargument, "Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung", 2(55), 221-245.
Grundmann T. (2008), Analytische Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie, Berlin–New York: de Gruyter.
Harman G. (1973), Thought, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hempel C. G. (1935), On the Logical Positivists' Theory of Truth, "Analysis" 2(4), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/2.4.49
Howard-Snyder D. (2005), Foundationalism and Arbitrariness, "Pacific Philosophical Quarterly" 86(1), 18-24.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.2005.00212.x
Huemer M. (1997), Probability and Coherence Justification, "Southern Journal of Philosophy" 35(4), 463-472.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1997.tb00848.x
Klein P. (1998), Foundationalism and the Infinite Regress of Reasons, "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research" 58(4), 919-925. https://doi.org/10.2307/2653735
Klein P. (2003), When Infinite Regresses Are Not Vicious?, "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research" 66(3), 718-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2003.tb00286.x
Klein P. (2005), Infinitism Is the Solution to the Regress Problem [w:] Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, M. Steup, E. Sosa (eds.), Malden, MA: Blackwell, 131-155.
Klein P. (2007a), Human Knowledge and the Infinite Progress in Reasoning, "Philosophical Studies" 134(1), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9012-9
Klein P. (2007b), How to Be an Infinitist about Doxastic Justification, "Philosophical Studies" 134(1), 25-29.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9017-4
Klein P. (2009), Human Knowledge and the Infinite Regress of Reasons [w:] Arguing about Knowledge, R. Neta, D. Pritchard (eds.), London–New York: Routledge, 249-272; pierwodruk: "Philosophical Perspectives" 13 (1999), 297-325.
Klein P. (2011), Infinitism [w:] The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, S. Bernecker, D. Pritchard (eds.), London—New York: Routledge, 245-256.
Krokiewicz A. (1966), Sceptycyzm grecki. Od Filona do Sekstusa, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
Kvanvig J. (2011), Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification [w:] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 edition), ed. E.N. Zalta, https://goo.gl/wY4TVk. [wersja archiwalna; obecnie hasło o tym tytule ma innego autora]
Lehrer K. (1974), Knowledge, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lehrer K. (1989a), Coherence and the Truth Connection. A Reply to My Critics [w:] The Current State of the Coherence Theory, J. W. Bender (ed.), Dordrecht: Kluwer, 253-275.
Lehrer K. (1989b), Knowledge Reconsidered [w:] Knowledge and Scepticism, M. Clay, K. Lehrer (eds.), Boulder, CO: Westview, 131-159.
Lehrer K. (1990), Theory of Knowledge, Boulder, CO: Westview.
Lehrer K. (1997), Justification, Coherence, and Knowledge, "Erkenntnis" 50(2/3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005586207846
Lewis C. I. (1946), An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation, LaSalle, IL: Open Court.
Littlejohn C. (2012), Justification and the Truth Connection, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139060097
Moser P. K. (ed.) (2002), The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology, Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195130057.001.0001
Neta R., Pritchard D. (eds.) (2009), Arguing about Knowledge, London–New York: Routledge.
Neurath O. (1932-1933), Protokollsätze, "Erkenntnis" 3(1), 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01886420
Nowakowski A. (2011), Uzasadnienie epistemiczne, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Oakley I. T. (1976), An Argument for Scepticism Concerning Justified Belief, "American Philosophical Quaterly" 13(3), 221-228.
Olsson E. J. (2002), What Is the Problem of Coherence and Truth, "The Journal of Philosophy" 99(5), 246-272. https://doi.org/10.2307/3655648
Olsson E. J. (2011), Coherentism [w:] The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, S. Bernecker, D. Pritchard (eds.), London—New York: Routledge, 257-267.
Peirce C. S. (1931-1935), The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss (eds.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Platon (1999), Parmenides. Teajtet, tłum. W. Witwicki, Kęty: Antyk.
Pollock J. (1986), Contemporary Theories of Knowledge, Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.
Post J. (1980), Infinite Regress of Justification and of Explanation, "Philosophical Studies" 38(1), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00354524
Posłajko K. (2016), Irrealizm a nastawienia sądzeniowe, "Filozofia Nauki" 24(2) [94], 133-144.
Quine W. V. O. (2000), Dwa dogmaty empiryzmu [w:] Z punktu widzenia logiki, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 49-75.
Rescher N. (1973), The Coherence Theory of Truth, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rescher N. (1974), Foundationalism, Coherentism and the Idea of Cognitive Systematization, "Journal of Philosophy" 71(19), 695-708. https://doi.org/10.2307/2025044
Sextus Empiryk (1998), Zarysy Pirrońskie, tłum. A. Krokiewicz, Warszawa: Akme.
Shogenji T. (1999), Is Coherence Truth-Conducive?, "Analysis" 59(4), 338-345. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/59.4.338
Sosa E. (2009), The Raft and the Pyramid. Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge [w:] Arguing about Knowledge, R. Neta, D. Pritchard (eds), Routledge, London–New York 2009, 273-292; pierwodruk: "Midwest Studies in Philosophy"" 5, 3-26.
Steup M., Sosa E. (eds.) (2005), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Thagard P. (1989), Explanatory Coherence, "Behavioral and Brain Sciences" 12(3), 435-502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00057046 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00057319
Thagard P. (1992), Conceptual Revolutions, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Thagard P. (2000), Coherence in Thought and Action, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Tomberlin J. (1980), [recenzja:] Carl Ginet, Knowledge, Perception, and Memory, "Noûs" 14(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214864
Unger P. (1975), Ignorance. A Case for Skepticism, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Williams M. (1996), Unnatural Doubts. Epistemological Realism and the Basis of Scepticism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Williams M. (2001), Problems of Knowledge. A Critical Introduction to Epistemology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wittgenstein L. (1969), Über Gewißheit. On Certainty, Oxford: Blackwell.
Woleński J. (2007), Epistemologia. Poznanie, prawda, wiedza, realizm, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Ziemińska R. (2013), Historia sceptycyzmu, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK.
Ziobrowski J. (2015), Struktury uzasadniania przekonań moralnych [w:] Etyka o współczesności. Współczesność w etyce, D. Sepczyńska, M. Jawor, A. Stoiński (red.), Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo UWM, 15-29.
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2018-03-25
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Ziobrowski, J. (2018). Structures of Justification: Part I. Infinitism and Coherentism. The Philosophy of Science, 26(1), 67–113. https://doi.org/10.14394/filnau.2018.0004
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Filozofia Nauki/The Philosophy of Science | ISSN 1230-6894 | e-ISSN 2657-5868